`color{green}(★)` The presence of a functional group dictates the properties of the carbon compound, regardless of the length of the carbon chain. For example, the chemical properties of `color{red}(CH_3OH, C_2H_5OH, C_3H_7OH)` and `color{red}(C_4H_9OH)` are all very similar.
`color{green}(★)` A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series.
For eg:
`color{green}("𝟏 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐬:")`
`color{red}(CH_4)` and `color{red}(C_2H_6)` — these differ by a `color{red}(–CH_2)` – unit
`color{red}(C_2H_6)` and `color{red}(C_3H_8)` — these differ by a `color{red}(–CH_2)` - unit
`color{green}("𝟐 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬")`
`color{green}("𝟑 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐲𝐧𝐞𝐬")`
`color{green}(★)` As the molecular mass increases in any homologous series, a gradation in physical properties is seen because the melting and boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass. Other physical properties such as solubility in a particular solvent also show a similar gradation.
`color{green}(★)` But the chemical properties, which are determined solely by the functional group, remain similar in a homologous series.
`color{green}(★)` The presence of a functional group dictates the properties of the carbon compound, regardless of the length of the carbon chain. For example, the chemical properties of `color{red}(CH_3OH, C_2H_5OH, C_3H_7OH)` and `color{red}(C_4H_9OH)` are all very similar.
`color{green}(★)` A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series.
For eg:
`color{green}("𝟏 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐬:")`
`color{red}(CH_4)` and `color{red}(C_2H_6)` — these differ by a `color{red}(–CH_2)` – unit
`color{red}(C_2H_6)` and `color{red}(C_3H_8)` — these differ by a `color{red}(–CH_2)` - unit
`color{green}("𝟐 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬")`
`color{green}("𝟑 𝐇𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐲𝐧𝐞𝐬")`
`color{green}(★)` As the molecular mass increases in any homologous series, a gradation in physical properties is seen because the melting and boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass. Other physical properties such as solubility in a particular solvent also show a similar gradation.
`color{green}(★)` But the chemical properties, which are determined solely by the functional group, remain similar in a homologous series.